Measures to reduce population fragmentation by roads: what has worked and how do we know?

Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for dermatologists: What shall we do when we don’t know what to do?

What shall we do when we have done everything we could for the diagnosis and treatment of a patient, but were not successful? What shall we do when there is no definite treatment for a patient? What shall we do when we have no diagnosis or treatment for a patient? Some useful suggestions are presented here to get rid of these situations.

Do We Know What We Do not Know? A Response to Celine Bonnet

Superior Capsule Reconstruction: What Do We Know?

The management of irreparable rotator cuff tears remains challenging. Since its introduction by Mihata in 2012, superiorcapsule reconstruction (SCR) has grown in popularity at an astonishingly rapid rate. The aim of this article is to providea comprehensive review of the available literature, in order to highlight what has so far been published on SCR,covering all aspects including biomechanica...

Relative effects of road mortality and decreased connectivity on population genetic diversity

Roads can have two important effects on populations that impact genetic variation: reduced gene flow and reduced abundance. Reduced gene flow (‘‘barrier effects’’) due to road avoidance behavior or road mortality can lead to reduced genetic diversity because genetic drift is enhanced in fragmented populations. Road mortality can also reduce population abundance (‘‘depletion effects’’) whenever ...

Welcome to virosphere

Viruses may seem alien, but they are the most abundant and, arguably, the most important organisms on Earth. They are found just about everywhere, from oceans and forests to the people around you and, of course, in and on you as well. This world of strange, quasi-living things has been dubbed the virosphere, and it is a mysterious one – we know less about viruses than any other life form. But t...